Despite the targets announced by Europe, Belgium and the Walloon region concerning the rate of energy renovation of the built stock, this has stagnated for many years. The research focuses on the brakes and drivers of energy renovation. Particular emphasis is placed on the need to take the occupant into account when defining energy renovation policies, while adapting to the type of building to be renovated. This building/occupant pairing is studied at different scales to better take into account its interactions.